UTI Resources
The Importance of Antibiotic Stewardship
Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of an infection causing bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics. According to the CDC, “each year in the United States at least 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur, and more than 35,000 people die as a result.” (CDC.gov) Antibiotic resistance stems from the misuse of antibiotics – either by prescribing the incorrect type of antibiotic to fight a particular pathogen, administering antibiotics when they are not actually needed, using the incorrect dosage, or by not taking the antibiotic for the proper duration.
The effort among providers, hospitals, laboratories, and government agencies to address antibiotic resistance and prevent overuse or misuse of antibiotics is called “antibiotic stewardship.”
‘Silent pandemic’ warning from WHO: Bacteria killing too many people due to antimicrobial resistance
https://www.foxnews.com/health/silent-pandemic-warning-who-bacteria-killing-too-many-people-antimicrobial-resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Information from FDA
https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-issues/antimicrobial-resistance-information-fda
From 2010 to 2015,of 670,450 women with uncomplicated UTI, a large proportion received antibiotic prescriptions for inappropriate agents (46.7%) or durations (76.1%)
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/article/ruralurban-differences-in-antibiotic-prescribing-for-uncomplicated-urinary-tract-infection/E2927104A8CB31226B8E31339A697C7C
Core Elements of Antibiotic Stewardship
https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/core-elements/index.html
Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Spread Is a Global Threat
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/8/1082
Costs of Antibiotic Resistance on the Healthcare System
Antibiotic resistance presents a serious and dangerous issue for the United States and the world as a whole. Because UTIs are the most common bacterial injection, it is critically important to ensure proper antibiotic treatment protocols. Between 1998 and 2011 in the United States, incidence of UTI increased 52% — population adjusted (Source) — with UTI related hospitalizations increasing from roughly 100,000 to 400,000 (Source). The resulting costs to the healthcare system was nearly $3 billion in 2011 alone.
The Increase in Hospitalizations for Urinary Tract Infections and the Associated Costs in the United States, 1998–2011
In 2011 approximately 400,000 people were hospitalized for urinary tract infections, costing the United States $2.8 billion. From 1998 to 2011, incidence increased by 52%.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5414046/
Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs
In 1997 in the United States, UTIs caused one million ER visits and 100,000 hospitalizations, accounting for $1.6 billion in healthcare costs.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12601337/
CDC Partners Estimate Healthcare Cost of Antibiotic-resistant Infections
According to the CDC, antibiotic resistance “contribute[s] to more than $4.6 billion in health care costs annually.”
https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/solutions-initiative/stories/partnership-estimates-healthcare-cost.html
Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications and Costs
According to this literature review from studies published after 2012, “the CDC estimated that the cost of antimicrobial resistance is $55 billion every year in the United States, $20 billion for health care and about $35 billion for loss of productivity.”
https://www.dovepress.com/antimicrobial-resistance-implications-and-costs-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR
Costs and outcomes associated with hospitalized cancer patients with neutropenic complications: A retrospective study
Certain cancer treatments are known to cause neutropenia, a condition indicating an abnormally low white blood cell count that makes the body susceptible to infections. This study from 2011 found that inpatient hospitalization costs for cancer patients with neutropenic complications were $27,587.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3440789/
Excess cost of care associated with sepsis in cancer patients: Results from a population-based case-control matched cohort
Sepsis among cancer patients represents a significant risk. This 2021 study found that the costs of cancer care doubles if a patient with solid tumor or hematological malignancies develops sepsis.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34379649/
Antibiotic resistance in the patient with cancer: Escalating challenges and paths forward
“Infection is the second leading cause of death in patients with cancer,” according to this 2021 review that examines the risks of antibiotic resistance on among cancer patients and what can be done to protect this vulnerable population.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21697
Many women getting wrong antibiotic for UTI, study says
This 2021 article in United Press International discusses a recent study on antibiotic resistance in which the study’s author, Anne Mobley Butler, says, “Inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for uncomplicated urinary tract infections are prevalent and come with serious patient- and society-level consequences.”
https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2021/03/01/women-uti-antibiotics-wrong/1211614636881/
Doctors treat female UTIs with wrong antibiotics nearly half the time, study finds
This 2021 article from CNN explores the results of recent study that found that half of the 670,400 people studied were given the wrong antibiotic to treat the UTI.
https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/24/health/uti-wrong-antibiotics-study-wellness/index.html
Hospital and Surgery Costs – Paying for Medical Treatment (debt.org)
According to Debt.org, 30% of the $4 trillion spent on healthcare in the United States was spent on hospital services. National averages for day or overnight stay in a hospital were around $2,600 and $12,600 respectively.
https://www.debt.org/medical/hospital-surgery-costs/
Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15301333/
Disease burden and long-term trends of urinary tract infections: A worldwide report
According to this study from 2022 based on data from 1990 to 2019, UTIs caused 236,790 deaths worldwide, a 2.4 times increase in deaths over the nearly 30 year period.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35968451/
We’re committed to providing the highest level of service to our patients, healthcare providers, and business clients. If you have questions, concerns, or comments, please contact us at info@promusdiagnostics.com.
